Strawberry
Overview
Strawberry is a perennial crop in the rose family (Rosaceae) and is considered one of the most important cultivated berry fruits worldwide. Botanically, the strawberry is not a “true fruit” – the edible red part is the enlarged flower receptacle, while the tiny seed-like structures on its surface are the true fruits, called achenes.
The strawberry plant is characterised by a rapid growth rate, efficient propagation via runners (stolons), and a shallow root system that is sensitive to excess water and oxygen deficiency.
The plant responds clearly to day length: shortening days in autumn encourage the formation of shoots and establishment, while lengthening days in spring influences flowering and fruit set. This combination makes it possible to schedule a precise fruiting season according to the cultivar and growing conditions.
Strawberries are considered exceptionally nutritious: they contain a high concentration of vitamin C, anthocyanins, natural antioxidants, and dietary fibre. Thanks to these properties, strawberries are regarded as one of the healthiest fruits and a leading product in the fresh fruit market.
Due to varietal improvement, advanced cultivation technologies, and broad adaptability to diverse climates, strawberries have become a key crop in many markets around the world.
Soil
Light to medium soil, well drained and rich in organic matter. Highly sensitive to excess water.
Irrigation
Continuous, controlled drip irrigation, maintaining uniform moisture without saturation
Temperature
Preferred range: 12-22°C, Highly sensitive to extreme heat
Light
Full sun for sugar accumulation and uniform colour
Global Production
Strawberry Articles
Regional info
Mediterranean Regions (Spain, Israel, Morocco): Emphasize drip fertigation and careful summer irrigation scheduling. Temperate Zones (Europe, North America): Focus on soil organic matter and frost protection during early bloom. Subtropical Areas (Peru, Chile, South Africa): Manage pH stability and control excessive vegetative growth.
Growth Stages
Establishment (0–2 years) – Root and shoot development. Sensitive to salinity and poor drainage. Vegetative Growth (spring) – Leaf canopy and shoot elongation determine fruiting potential. Flowering & Fruit Set (late spring) – Adequate Nitrogen and Phosphorus are essential for flower differentiation and fruit initiation. Fruit Development (summer) – Potassium and Calcium enhance fruit size, firmness, and shelf life. Post-Harvest (late summer - autumn) – Focus on replenishing carbohydrates and strengthening plants for the following season.
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